eBay VeRO Program: How to Report an Infringing Listing

eBay's Verified Rights Owner (VeRO) program is the route for brands and creators whose intellectual property is infringed on eBay. Rights owners and their authorized agents report listings through the VeRO Portal or with a Notice of Claimed Infringement (NOCI). eBay reviews each report, may remove the listing, and emails the seller with the reason and your contact details.

VeRO is free and open to any rights owner, but it is narrow on purpose: it handles infringement, not pricing or distribution disputes. This guide covers what eBay considers infringement, the evidence to prepare, how to file, what happens to the listing and the seller, and why reports get rejected.

What eBay considers an infringement

VeRO accepts reports about items and about listing content. The NOCI form groups them into reason codes, and each reported item takes one reason only.

Category	Examples of reasons	Typical case
Trademark, item	The item is a counterfeit that infringes the trademark owner's rights	A copy of your product sold under your brand
Trademark, listing content	Unlawful comparison to your brand name; unlawful use of your trademark or stylized logo	"Like Brand X" in a title to sell another product
Copyright, item	Pirated or unauthorized copies of software, media, artwork or other works	A reprint of your illustrated design
Copyright, listing content	Unlawful copy of your text, your images, or both	Your product photos on another seller's listing
Other	A product adjudged to infringe a patent; right of publicity	A court-confirmed patent infringement

Two limits matter. First, the patent reason on the form refers to products that have been adjudged to infringe, with the patent number and the claims concerned. Second, eBay's VeRO page states that the program is not for pricing controls, resale restrictions, unauthorized distribution of genuine goods, or stolen items (which go to law enforcement).

What evidence you need

• Your rights. The trademark registration number and the office that issued it, or a description of the copyrighted work. For a first report, eBay may ask for proof of ownership.
• Your authority, if you are an agent. Keep a letter of authorization from the rights owner ready. The NOCI also lets the owner name additional people allowed to sign future notices.
• Each listing. The eBay item number (it appears in the listing URL), the seller's user ID and a dated capture of the page. eBay listings end or get revised, so capture them when you find them.
• Why it infringes. For a counterfeit, what differs from your genuine product, ideally after a test purchase. For copied images, a link to where you published the originals.

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The official reporting procedure

Who can use it. Only rights owners or their authorized representatives. Buyers and members who are not rights owners report through eBay's general reporting tools; our guide to reporting a fake item or seller on eBay covers that side.

Where. eBay offers three channels, all described on its VeRO page:

• The VeRO Portal, eBay's reporting tool for rights owners, where you set up your rights once, then submit and track reports.
• The Notice of Claimed Infringement, the written form sent to eBay's VeRO team at askvero@ebay.com, useful for a first report or when you cannot use the portal.
• A DMCA notice to eBay's designated agent, for copyright claims. See our guide to DMCA takedown notices.

What the NOCI contains. A statement under penalty of perjury that you own the rights or act for the owner, that you believe in good faith the listed items are not authorized by the owner, its agent or the law, and that the information is accurate. It asks for the owner's name, a contact address, phone, and an email address that eBay will give to sellers. An addendum lists item numbers with their reason codes.

VeRO profiles. Rights owners can also publish a free VeRO participant profile explaining their IP and what they consider infringing, which helps honest sellers avoid problems.

How to file a VeRO report, step by step

1. Confirm VeRO fits. You own the right or act for the owner, and the problem is infringement, not price or distribution.
2. Collect the evidence. Item numbers, URLs, seller IDs and dated captures for every listing.
3. Choose the channel. Use the VeRO Portal if you can. Otherwise, complete a NOCI and send it to eBay's VeRO team.
4. Assign one reason code per listing. Group listings by reason and name the work or mark infringed for each group.
5. Give a contact email for sellers. It will be shared with every seller you report, so use a monitored team address.
6. Submit and keep a record. Note the date, the item numbers and any reference eBay gives you.
7. Handle replies. Sellers may write to you. If you reported something in error, send a retraction to eBay from an authorized email address.

What happens to the listing and the seller

eBay first checks that the report is complete. If it decides to act, the listing may be removed, and the seller receives an email explaining the reason, which rights were concerned, and the rights owner's contact information.

• Contact and retraction. Sellers can contact you directly. If you agree the report was a mistake, you email eBay to retract it.
• Counter notices. A counter notice is only possible for US-based copyright reports, under the DMCA. eBay passes it to you and reinstates the listing after 10 business days unless you tell eBay you have filed a court action to stop the seller.
• Counterfeits cannot come back. eBay tells sellers that an item reported as counterfeit cannot be relisted, and that trying may lead to selling restrictions or suspension.
• Repeat infringers. Sellers who keep infringing face escalating consequences, from selling restrictions up to permanent suspension.

Expected review time

eBay does not publish a fixed review time for VeRO reports. Complete, well-organized reports are processed faster, because eBay's first step is to check that nothing is missing. The VeRO Portal lets you follow each report, which is simpler than tracking email threads.

Common reasons reports are rejected

• Not a rights owner, or no proof of authority. An agent without authorization from the owner.
• The wrong reason code. A copied photo reported as a counterfeit, or several reasons for one listing.
• Distribution or pricing complaints. Genuine goods sold below your price, or by a reseller you did not approve.
• Missing item numbers. A seller name alone is not enough: eBay needs the listings.
• A patent claim without an adjudication. The NOCI's patent reason requires a product adjudged to infringe.

The limits of the manual process

VeRO works one listing at a time. Counterfeit sellers on eBay often run several accounts, relist under new titles and end listings early, and the same items appear on other marketplaces at the same time. eBay's tools do not find listings for you, do not follow a seller across platforms, and do not keep your evidence once a listing is gone.

How Valigard helps before you report

Valigard searches marketplaces worldwide, including eBay, with your official product photos, so it finds listings that reuse them even when your brand name is missing. For each listing you mark as likely counterfeit, it keeps the item URL, price, seller details and a saved, timestamped copy of the page, and it shows whether the listing was removed or relisted. The eBay reporting guide lists what to have ready, with report text to copy. See how it works on eBay, or check our counterfeit evidence checklist.

Valigard does not send VeRO reports: you file with eBay, then log the status and case number in Valigard. It does not determine with legal certainty that a product is counterfeit, and it cannot guarantee removal.